No studies proving any programs effectiveness, but plenty of studies showing programs' damage, to be sure.
Of course, no genuine studies could ever be conducted on any program, as medical ethics precludes abducting a human being (let alone a child) , imprisoning them, and torturing them, as goes on in a program.
However, there have been studies of as Lifespring, Werner Erhard’s EST, and most directly, from Charles E. Dederich’s “Synanon” cult, “church" as therapies for adults. ALL Studies have found these various treatments to be non-effective and damaging.
A federally contracted investigation found that the Seed was a highly sophisticated brainwashing, abusive system.
Why is this relevant? ALL the major "programs" CEDU, ASPEN, Wwasp, and Straight-Pathway Center Daytop village, not to mention Desisto and Provo Canyon all use a combination of "therapies" based in these cults, adapted, of course to be more brutal as their new targets, can't simply walk away and refuse to participate.