Fornits

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An open discussion about the troubled parent industry

Second Nature is an excellent, non-abusive program. It would be good for most teens, and it sounds like your son could really benefit. After 2N, he might be able to return home if you are prepared to change his environment and your parenting.
I think Outback also has a good reputation.
These programs are not bootcamps in any way. They use the outdoor environment to teach self-discipline.  The distractions of the home environment are removed.  The staff is excellent.

You must either work for one of these or be on some sort of referral basis.

From what I can read, one of these ( second nature I believe)  hires young people as their field trip counsellors requiring only a 7-day training period and having a minimum CPR course.  These are the staff that take the kids out on their wilderness journey. The employment brochure instructs them that they are the "teachers" to the incarerated teens.

Rather professional staff, huh ?

In the other one, it seems the chld is not permitted to call home but the parent can speak with a pre-arranged counselor periodically to hear about the progress.

Geeze, sounds like my dog gets better treatment when I put him in a boarding kennel.