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Treatment Abuse, Behavior Modification, Thought Reform => The Troubled Teen Industry => Topic started by: Anonymous on April 26, 2005, 11:29:00 AM

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on April 26, 2005, 11:29:00 AM
The following is an excerpt of a letter from PENNY WALKER, KHK EXECUTIVE
 DIRECTOR, to the Honorable Rob J. Portman, Representative in Congress on
 4-30-2001,
 
 "RE: Childrens Health Act of 2000 (H.R. 4365)
 
 Dear Rob:
 
 As a professional serving chemically dependent adolescents, I am concerned
 that the unintended consequences of H.R. 4365 and the resulting HCFA Rule is
 that treatment will be denied children most in need, many of whom will end up in
 the justice system.
 
 As you know, Kids Helping Kids (KHK) provides Level II treatment to
 adolescents who are behaviorally out-of-control because of their drug use. This
 legislation eliminates a significant tool in behavior management.
      KHK has treated almost 1100 kids over the last twenty years, almost all
 admitted against their will by their parents. The old idea that people must
 want help before it is useful is false. The agency has been contracting for
 independent outcome studies since 1987. Those studies consistently find
 extraordinary outcomes from our graduates, many of whom at one time or another in the
 course of their treatment had their behavior shaped by the use of time-out in a
 locked room. This time-out is used when less restrictive interventions have
 failed, and is under the watchful eye of a staff member over a surveillance
 camera.
 Joanie is an example of a KHK client. She was 14 years old when she entered
 treatment. Shortly before admission, she had taken her parent's car in an
 attempt to run away from home. She wrecked it in another state and was charged with
 driving under the influence. Before this incident, she often had emotional
 explosions, frequently sneaked out of her home, was sexually promiscuous and had
 stolen money from her parents. Joanie began using drugs at the age of 11 and
 by 14 was regularly using marijuana and alcohol. She had also used LSD, opium,
 cocaine, crystal meth, ecstasy, prescriptions pills, and is one of the few
 children in KHK who has injected heroin."
 
 to be continued....
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: tommyfromhyde1 on April 26, 2005, 11:54:00 AM
What did the act prohibit that she was objecting
to?

In Germany they came first for the Communists, and I didn?t speak up because I wasn?t a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn?t speak up because I wasn?t a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn?t speak up because I wasn?t a trade unionist. Then they came for Catholics, and I didn?t speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time no one was left to speak up."
--Protestant minister Martin Neimoller

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: 4peace on April 26, 2005, 01:01:00 PM
I wonder how KHK knows *for sure* that all the children placed there are in fact, drug users.  I know that at Casa by the Sea, they describe and consider lots of kids druggies, yet NONE of those kids were EVER given drug tests upon admission to Casa.  Nor were they given drug screens WHILE INCARCERATED at Casa.  
Hmmm.....maybe KHK runs the same way.
Big talk, nothing to back it up with.  Oh, wait, they can back it up with their verbal BS, like all the other program 'schools'.
And I wonder if Penny Walker would submit to being held in KHK's specific locked room for a time out, under the *exact same conditions* as the kids being held there are.  
Somehow, I doubt it.  And let me guess, it would be under the guise of *she's not a druggie*, right?
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Antigen on April 26, 2005, 02:20:00 PM
Quote
On 2005-04-26 08:29:00, Anonymous wrote:

The agency has been contracting for
independent outcome studies since 1987.


Agency? What agency and where are those studies? Have they been peer reviewed? By whom? Where there control groups? What's the dish?

Psychedelics often produce psychotic and even violent behavior in those who have never used them.
--Timothy Leary

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: cherish wisdom on April 26, 2005, 05:11:00 PM
Lock out rooms are more like punishment cells.  If the room was humane - with a bed, blanket, pillow, books to read, clean - then I could see an out-of-control child being in time-out - but not for extended periods of time. This only causes further mental derailment.  [ This Message was edited by: cherish wisdom on 2005-04-26 14:13 ]
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on April 27, 2005, 12:12:00 PM
More from Penny Walker's letter to The Honorable Rob J. Portman 4-30-
 2001 regarding H.R.4365:
 
 "Joanie has had two episodes of seclusion: one day shortly after
 being admitted to treatment for being non-compliance, and another
 period of time two months later when she went to time-out three times
 within four days for throwing food at another client and swearing at
 the staff. That was almost a month ago and Joanie is now progressing
 in treatment, nearing the end of Phase 1. She is expected to be
 stepped down a level and returned home within two weeks.
 
 Time-out withdraws reinforcement from the individual who is acting
 out and has been effective with Joanie. With this population, face-to-
 face contact during the time-out, another HCFA rule requirement,
 would be counterproductive because of its reinforcement quality. If
 allowed to use seclusion only if a client is in imminent threat of
 hurting him or herself or others, this agency would be forced to
 terminate children like Joanie who are disruptive to the group
 process and do not respond to less restrictive interventions. Of
 course, kids who would rather be out with their drug using peers
 would quickly learn how to get kicked out of treatment. Most of these
 peers would end up in juvenile detention facilities being punished
 rather than receiving treatment.
 
 The expectation is that the final HCFA rule will also require all
 seclusion and restraint be ordered by a board-certified psychiatrist
 or physician with specialized training and experience in the
 diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases. Reimbursement for
 behavioral medicine has been managed downward so much so that in the
 last several years in the Cincinatti area alone four programs have
 closed. The cost of having a physician (or even an R.N. on the staff
 24/7 will be prohibitive. Many agencies will choose not to treat the
 non-compliant client rather than absorb that cost.
 
 I believe that many of the provisions for the bill are good. All
 agencies should have a competent, trained staff which makes continous
 efforts to reduce the use of restraint and seclusion. This training
 should be readily available and inexpensive, (possibly subsidized by
 the state) However, some of these kids need to be protected from
 themselves in an environment that is safe and conducive to growth.
 
 I urge you to weigh in on this issue. It is my hope that HCFA suspend
 the implementation of the rule, which is to take effect May 23, and
 develop a process that includes the participation of all stakeholders
 in creating appropriate requirements.
 
 The licensing agencies of the individual facilities should be given
 more flexibility than the HCFA Rule allows to make determinations of
 appropriate use of restraint and seclusion.
 
 Thank you for your consideration,
 
 Sincerely,
 
 Penny Walker, M.S., CCDC III-E
 
 cc: Michele Frilling- Ohio Department of Alcohol & Drug Addiction
 Studies
 Penny Wyman- The Ohio Association of Child Caring Agencies
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: linchpin on April 27, 2005, 04:12:00 PM
"  She was 14 years old when she entered
treatment. Shortly before admission, she had taken her parent's car in an
attempt to run away from home. She wrecked it in another state and was charged with
driving under the influence. Before this incident, she often had emotional
explosions, frequently sneaked out of her home, was sexually promiscuous and had
stolen money from her parents. Joanie began using drugs at the age of 11 and
by 14 was regularly using marijuana and alcohol. She had also used LSD, opium,
cocaine, crystal meth, ecstasy, prescriptions pills, and is one of the few
children in KHK who has injected heroin."



Bullshit! Sounds like stories made up in group to get promoted..
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Nihilanthic on April 27, 2005, 04:29:00 PM
I cant believe they're saying its okay to use 'seclusion' as reinforcement.  :eek:

Its torture to anyone, but what about claustrophobe kids? Whats next, theyre going to give us medical jargon excusing more direct physical torture or bieng strapped down to a bed or a fucking rack?

What is this new loyalty? It is, above all, conformity. It is the uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of America as it is. It rejects inquiry into the race question or socialized medicine or public housing, regards as heinous any challenge to what is called the system of private enterprise, identifying that system with Americanism. It abandons evolution, repudiates the once popular concept of progress, and regards America as a finished product, perfect and complete. The concept of loyalty as conformity is a false one. It is narrow and restrictive, denies freedom of thought and conscience... What do men know of loyalty who make a mockery of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights?
Henry Steele Commager, 1947

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: The Motivator on June 10, 2005, 11:11:00 PM
Sounds like you've never been sent to the Intake room for punishment.......Remember these are Druggies that are "OUT OF CONTROL ON DRUGS" we are talking about here and most of them are 14. I've been there and lived to tell about it.They convinced our parents that we were"OUT OF CONTROL"
NOW GO TO YOUR ROOM!!
RIGHT NOW!! OR I"M SENDING YOU TO THAT RONALD MCDONALD REHAB WHERE SECLUSION IS THE NORM
:smokin:
OK Group it's the-time-to-tell-us-your-twisted-sexual experience-so-we-can-use-it-against-you-RAP....MOTIVATE or be blown away.
 :grin:
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Antigen on June 11, 2005, 12:55:00 AM
Quote
On 2005-06-10 20:11:00, The Motivator wrote:

They didn't have cameras in the In-Take rooms (HEBRON,KY Summer 1983) or Air Conditioning for that matter.

In `80, when I was on phones on 4th or 3rd phase, I figured as much. But I couldn't be sure, so I didn't dare call my sister or tell the pulls how happy I was that they got out. That sucked! Knowing that they probably didn't have it bugged, but the stakes were too high to risk it!

Quote
I heard that One kid (before my induction) climbed up through the drop ceiling in the IT room and made it about half way across the group room before he fell through the ceiling panels when the rails gave way.    "


That was probably Reagan Fields. He was in Sarastoa w/ me. He was a legend.; certainly my hero. He did just that on his intake. I was so in love w. him I didn't dare try to find him till I lost the pallor and the excess weight. By then, he was dead.

Truth resides in every human heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own view of truth.
                                     
--Mohandas K. Gandhi

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Antigen on June 11, 2005, 01:16:00 AM
Quote
On 2005-04-27 13:12:00, linchpin wrote:

Joanie began using drugs at the age of 11 and
by 14 was regularly using marijuana and alcohol. She had also used LSD, opium,
cocaine, crystal meth, ecstasy, prescriptions pills, and is one of the few
children in KHK who has injected heroin."


At age 11, she probably stole one of mom's cigarettes or a sip off of dad's beer. By 2 weeks after intake, at age 14, the term 'regularly' had been redifined to mean 'more than once'. What, no THC? But two weeks in Straight, Sarasota, we had learned that THC was a componant of pot and, if we were to be honest, had to be listed seperatly from pot. :silly:  Meth? Ecstacy? Prescriptions? (Do we count those prescribed to us? The codine syrup prescribed for asthma? The miltownn sampled and rejected from mom's stash)? Most of us didn't have a clue)

The rest? Mostly made up to please the angry mob.

You succeeded, parents! In seperating your kids from any meaninful, useful contact w/ the world they now have to deal with. You can prentend that world doeesn't exist and let them fend for themselves. Congrate yourselves. No one else will.

Cops; you wake `em up you gotta dance with `em. They lead.
-- Jack McNulty

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: BuzzKill on June 11, 2005, 10:45:00 AM
//That was probably Reagan Fields. He was in Sarastoa w/ me. He was a legend.; certainly my hero. He did just that on his intake. I was so in love w. him I didn't dare try to find him till I lost the pallor and the excess weight. By then, he was dead.//


What happened?
Maybe you could write up his story - as you know it.
Maybe we could get it published in the editoral section of a newspaper or two.

Does anybody out there know what Penny Walker's connection to Straight inc might have been?
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: bandit1978 on July 10, 2005, 11:43:00 PM
"...LSD, opium, cocaine, crystal meth...prescription pills...heroin"

What??  Where the hell would one even find opium in the States?...if anyone knows, holla back!

And I thought I was well-rounded...
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: bandit1978 on July 11, 2005, 05:34:00 AM
I work in an acute-care hospital.  Only licensed staff are allowed to apply restraints (RNs or MDs).  Actually, neither one can do so without the other's documentation that restraints are necessary.  

I remember being at Provo Canyon School, and seeing these unlicensed buffoons "take down" kids all the time (sometimes for no other reason than the kid making some smart comment).  It invoked fear in all of us.  

Now I realize that I should not have had to live in fear of these people.  They are uneducated, unlicensed, unqualified; and many of them are quite sadistic and sick.  

No reputable facility would allow such people to make the decision to use any restraints (physical or chemical).
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Nihilanthic on July 11, 2005, 02:35:00 PM
Most programs are still coy about the (obvious) fact that takedowns and restraint are used as a threat and as corporal punishment (aka torture) for the captives they have.

Anyone who knows jack squat about psychology (or has been through it) knows simply being restrained for any period of time in and of itself is unsettling and can pychologically fuck someone up. Especially a kid, especially a teenager, especially someone whose unstable and needs help, or someone trapped in some godforsaken program. Throw in positional aspyhxiation to the terror they already feel from being totally helpless and the fact that some hateful person is doing it tio them, and the pain that a lot of those holds have, and its hell for them. How is that going to make them calm down? It scares them to death, they give up from fear!

And another thing - I know more than most people about 'takedowns' and 'holds' - Ive actually DONE the martial arts most of them are half-assed imitations of. Heard of Judo or Juujutsu? Yeah, thats where you learn to use it against someone else who is resisting and actually knows how to not only fight back and get away but do it TO you back! Same for how to mantain a dominant position on top, or get control from the bottom (a guard position) or get them off, how to get up or keep them down, etc. Most of these holds are frankly RIDICULOUS that they use and potentialy extremely damaging, but none of the twits doing them have any idea what it fels like becuase they havent been on the receiving end of them!

SAFE restraints have the victim of them supine, NOT prone, without any pressure to their torso, abdomen, or neck, and without their arms crossed infront of their body at all - over their chest or neck. Theyre also done without pressure on their joints or for a long period. Hours isnt restraint, its bondage with your hands and its not beneficial in the least. Oh, and using it as a punishment or threat isnt restraint, its torture.

*sigh* too bad I cant invite some of these jerks over to a open-mat day to some Juujutsu school and tell everyone ahead of time what they are and what they do, that would be a riot to see.

O senseless man, who cannot possibly make a worm and yet will make Gods by the dozen!
--Michel Eyqyem de Montaigne, French essayist

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on July 12, 2005, 02:35:00 AM
Nihilanthic, the first part of your post was real cool and I agreed with it based on what I saw at Straight -- restraints were used on people who simply wouldn't flap their arms or who resisted other people having their hands on them, making them sit up and be a Straight robot. (Straight even coerced clients to grab hold of someone's head and turn it in the direction of the person speaking, because that was the constant rule, everyone had to be looking at the person speaking.)

However, I am not sure if you are saying that a supine restraint is "safe" and therefore not damaging. I just wanted to say that when I was restrained in a five-point restraint at Straight, Inc., by other clients who were coerced into restraining me, it was a supine restraint with one person on each limb and one person at my head. I experienced the same terror and emotional trauma that you described in the second paragraph of your post there.

Does anyone know what the restraint technique was that they used in communist or Korean brainwashing camps?
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on July 12, 2005, 03:26:00 AM
they are being monitored by camera?  How come they would put me out in the timeout rooms when i arrived to KHK and take me out when i went to my oldcomers house, during which time i got no food or water, and they would claim that they forgot i was out there.
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: BuzzKill on July 12, 2005, 11:51:00 AM
Or - search Amazon.com for books on Brain washing; mind control; behavior modification and so on.

There are many books to chose from. All will describe the intentional infliction of stress often by inflicting pain and hunger and sleep depravation and so on.
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Nihilanthic on July 12, 2005, 04:07:00 PM
Quote
On 2005-07-11 23:35:00, Anonymous wrote:

"Nihilanthic, the first part of your post was real cool and I agreed with it based on what I saw at Straight -- restraints were used on people who simply wouldn't flap their arms or who resisted other people having their hands on them, making them sit up and be a Straight robot. (Straight even coerced clients to grab hold of someone's head and turn it in the direction of the person speaking, because that was the constant rule, everyone had to be looking at the person speaking.)



However, I am not sure if you are saying that a supine restraint is "safe" and therefore not damaging. I just wanted to say that when I was restrained in a five-point restraint at Straight, Inc., by other clients who were coerced into restraining me, it was a supine restraint with one person on each limb and one person at my head. I experienced the same terror and emotional trauma that you described in the second paragraph of your post there.



Does anyone know what the restraint technique was that they used in communist or Korean brainwashing camps? "


Any restraint done improperly can be damaging! A 5 on one supine restraint can stil be ridiculous even though you happen to be facing up! That said, it would have been a lot worse if you were facing down, mentally and potentially physically. Your head would be forced to the side so you didnt squish your nose, breathing would have been harder, and your neck would have quickly been strained. Plus, not being able to see or breathe would just compound any stress you already had.

Holding your HEAD is simply ridiculous, and the fact that other straight clients did it is just asking for injury. Just because a restraint is supine doesnt mean its actually 'good', but its one of the pre-requisites of making a restraint that won't terrify and injure someone - see what I mean? That said, Im really sorry that you had to go through that. That must have been awful to go through as a kid without knowing whats going on.

BTW, whats this straddle hold supposed to look like? I havent heard of it (probably becuase its inapplicable to fighting with it :silly:) but does it help prevent injuries to the restrain-ee? Is it like this? http://www.judo-for-all.com/Theory/Theo ... gatame.htm (http://www.judo-for-all.com/Theory/Theory-pages/Tate-Shiho-gatame.htm)

Thats less likely to injure someone unless the seme (er, the restrainer in judo terminology) puts his bodyweight on the restrained person. However, having someone hulking on top of you would freak out he average person. Id rather see one of those PROPERLY done (note how the head is free) than a 5 on one supine spread eagle straight-do hold. At least their BODY wouldnt be fucked up even though they'd probably be terrified and humilated :sad:

And as far as restraints used in POW camps, Id imagine it consisted of being whipped or smacked around with a rifle butt or a stick, or maybe the captors wanted to practice whatever Judo or Yuudo (Korean MAs tend to copy Japanese MAs, go fig) they learned without having to care if they damage their 'uke' in the process.  

In the end, just leaving the damn kid alone would do a lot more good than restraining the perosn. If theyre not hurting themselves or anyone else, leave em alone!

Drug War tells us everyone's body is common property
to be managed by the central government for our own
good, even if it kills us.  This is Communism!
Drug Policy Foundation of Texas

--Bob Ramsey

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on July 12, 2005, 05:48:00 PM
Any restraint is emotionally traumatic.  Supine, done right, at least it doesn't court serious *physical* injury or death.

It's hard to get more traumatic than dead.

At the same time, I *strongly* oppose restraints except when they are absolutely necessary to the physical safety of the patient or others around him/her.

I had to help restrain my (under ten) daughter for about five minutes (felt like five hours) *once*.  It was horrible.  She was allergic to her pierced earings, was swollen to the point that it was extremely serious, had to have them clipped out of her ears with the medical equivalent of wire cutters, was uncalmably hysterical, and the doctor wouldn't trust me and give her a calming drug to help her deal with it *without* needing physical restraint.

I told my daughter's pdoc and she's getting me a note recommending benadryl and a dosage to help get her sleepy if she absolutely needs some other medical procedure in an emergency and is hysterical.  The tendency to freak that badly comes from pediatric bipolar disorder, and even stabilized on medication any kids with this are susceptible to "bipolar rages" and parents and teachers have to be very careful and compassionate to *not* trigger one.  She couldn't help getting so scared and upset, and nobody else could help it for her, either.

*That's* an example of a situation when restraint was necessary--if only because the doctor didn't have enough of a psych background to understand how much a mild sedative would help and was necessary, and the medical procedure needed to be done right then.

It was *still* horrible.  I hope we don't have emergencies, but if we do, I hope her pdoc's note will keep us from ever having to put her through that again.

Timoclea
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Nihilanthic on July 12, 2005, 06:15:00 PM
Tim, thanks for putting it back into the context it should be, I went off on a tangent of the mechanics of it. It can be done without actually harming the person if you know what youre doing, but most either dont know how, or dont care.

Any kind of physical restraint or confinement is damaging psychologically. And in your case it was a necessary thing to do, but it still probably terrified your kid.

Imagine if she was in a program! She would have had her ears mangled by some ass chomping at her earlobes with the cutting tool, and she probably would have been dogpiled like the anon from a previous post for a few hours and thrown in the pokey.

The real-world and program-world sure are different.

No synonym for God is so perfect as Beauty. Whether as seen carving the lines of the mountains with glaciers, or gathering matter into stars, or planning the movements of water, or gardening - still all is Beauty!
-- John Muir

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: webdiva on July 13, 2005, 04:16:00 AM
i still remember reading through my brother's MI's and on his 60th day he wrote how proud he was that this was the first day he didn't get physically restrained. :sad:
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Nihilanthic on July 13, 2005, 02:54:00 PM
Thats a pretty ridiculous version of a 'backmount' from BJJ. At least they taught the person using it how to get their hooks in (feet around the knees/thighs). Usually when we get there we'd follow up with a shoulder lock, maybe a twisting-knee/knee compression or ankle lock, or just a simple sleeper hold. (Again, this has NO place being used with children, this is fighting!)

Thats a prone hold, BTW. So, kids facing down, being physically dominated, and as you've said it looks like (and probably feels like to the poor kid) that they're getting it from behind. In other words, wholelly inappropriate and potentially dangerous, as Ive said above.

I am glad that it seems Florida has said not to use this, but you and I both know these rules arent followed or enforced.

Locate the blind spot in the culture--the place where the culture isn't looking, because it dare not--because if it were to look there, its previous values would dissolve.
Terence McKenna

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on July 13, 2005, 11:02:00 PM
Quote
On 2005-07-13 01:16:00, webdiva wrote:

"i still remember reading through my brother's MI's and on his 60th day he wrote how proud he was that this was the first day he didn't get physically restrained. :sad: "


I was restrained once, at Straight, I am the previous poster who was talking about the supine five-point restraint. It was terrifying. They were on my body and one girl was at my head and she kept twisting my head. I was afraid she was going to break my neck, but trying to get free just made her twist it more and someone's hand was clamped over my mouth so I could not communicate what was happening. I should have never gone through that. Your brother should have never gone through that. It hurt enough that one time, I can't imagine two months of being restrained, day after day. B.P.
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Deprogrammed on July 15, 2005, 01:39:00 AM
Dear Anon,
It  is b/c they(KHK) are cruel and unusual liars.
Dont worry they will be very exposed come sept. 2005.
Sincerely a friend,
-DP

As a rule, children love their parents, believe what they teach, and take great pride in saying that the religion of mother is good enough for them.
--Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician and lecturer

Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Anonymous on July 15, 2005, 04:49:00 AM
why? what's going down sept 2005?
Title: Penny Walker of Kids Helping Kids on the usefulness of time-
Post by: Deprogrammed on July 15, 2005, 07:24:00 PM

A good head and good heart are always a formidable combination. But when you add to that a literate tongue or pen, then you have something very special

--Nelson Mandela