Author Topic: ADD/ ADHD/ Meds  (Read 26930 times)

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Offline Anonymous

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« Reply #120 on: January 16, 2006, 09:03:00 PM »
Nice theory except that the per capita percentages of mental illness are the same throughout every country.

Race, economic status, food intake and cultural mores have not made a difference.

Since the beginning of recorded societies mental illness has existed. There have been many opinions and theories ... but no one answer!

Perhaps you have the magical answer that would be
something an individual could follow, other than
criticism, opinion and obsession on mental illness?
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #121 on: February 07, 2006, 01:14:00 PM »
Cardiac, Neuropsychiatric Events From ADHD Drugs To Be Discussed By Pediatric Committee
 
    FDA's Pediatric Advisory Committee will address neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular events possibly related to attention deficit/
hyperactivity disorder medications at a March 22 meeting.
   
  "In continuation of a prior committee discussion of adverse events for the class of methylphenidate products used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the committee will hear and discuss neuropsychiatric adverse events possibly related to other approved ADHD medications," FDA said.
   
  In June, the committee concluded that reports of suicidality with Johnson & Johnson's Concerta and other methylphenidate products did not constitute a new signal for concern.
   
  In September, FDA issued a public health advisory on suicidal thinking in children and adolescents taking Lilly's Strattera for ADHD. The agency said it would not add a warning to other ADHD products pending an analysis of post-marketing adverse events from those products.
   
  "The committee will also receive an update on efforts to better understand cardiovascular adverse events possibly related to ADHD medications," FDA noted.

  FDA's Drug Safety & Risk Management Advisory Committee is meeting Feb. 9-10 to discuss studies that could be used to determine whether ADHD products increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
   
  Shire's ADHD amphetamine product Adderall XR was suspended from the Canadian market in February 2005 due to reports of sudden death, cardiac deaths and stroke in pediatric and adult patients. The marketing authorization for the product was reinstated in August 2005 after it could not be conclusively determined that Adderall XR caused the events.
   
  In the U.S., Adderall XR carries a warning that sudden deaths have occurred in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities.
   
  The committee will hear pediatric adverse event reports for Adderall XR as part of its review under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act. Adverse event reports for Abbott's Meridia (sibutramine), Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi-Aventis' Avapro (irbesartan) and Genzyme's Clolar (clofarabine) will also receive review by the committee.
   
  On March 23, FDA's Psychopharmacologic Drugs Advisory will review Cephalon's ADHD drug Sparlon (modafinil), currently marketed as Provigil for narcolepsy.

  To watch a webcast of this meeting, click the button below. To arrange for live videoconferencing, or to order videotapes & DVDs, email FDATV@elsevier.com or call 800-627-8171.
   
Posted: Thursday, January 26, 2006
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Offline Anonymous

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« Reply #122 on: February 16, 2006, 05:52:00 PM »
Parents Sort Through Many Mixed Messages on ADHD
USA TODAY - February 16, 2006

Parents who are concerned about the heart risks of stimulants to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder may hear conflicting advice from doctors, depending on whom they consult.

Last week, an advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration voted 8-7 to suggest adding the agency?s strongest warning label to Ritalin, Adderall and similar medications. The panel based its decision on an FDA report that found 25 children and adults had died suddenly from 1999 to 2003 after taking ADHD drugs.

Steven Nissen, an advisory committee member, says many of the 4 million people who use the drugs may not realize that they have serious side effects. "I want parents and doctors, before they prescribe amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs to children, to think a little harder whether they need them," says Nissen, interim chairman of the Cleveland Clinic?s department of cardiovascular medicine.

Nissen suggests patients ask their doctors questions such as: "Do I really need these drugs? Am I on the lowest possible dose? Are there safer alternatives?"

The FDA typically follows the advice of its advisory committees. But Thomas Laughren, director of the FDA?s division of psychiatry products, says it would be unusual for the agency to issue a "black box" warning based on such thin evidence. He notes that the reported number of sudden deaths in patients taking stimulants is lower than the figure that experts would expect to see among people who aren?t taking the drugs. A second FDA committee, which focuses on pediatrics, will consider the drugs? safety next month, Laughren says.

Edward Hallowell, a doctor and co-author of Driven to Distraction, notes that about one in 10 of his patients stop using stimulants for ADHD because of side effects, which can include loss of appetite, abnormal heartbeats, elevated blood pressure, tics and twitches. "These meds are far from perfect," Hallowell said in an e-mail. "But they are the best medication option we have and are very safe when used correctly."

Worried patients have been calling David Goodman for several days. Goodman, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, says he sees no reason for his patients to stop taking the drugs. Goodman notes that teenagers who do not treat their ADHD face risks because such children are more likely than others to use drugs, drop out of school or get into accidents.

Lawrence Diller, author of Running on Ritalin and Should I Medicate My Child?, notes that people often rush to use medications for problems that might be addressed by changing parenting strategies, exploring special education or improving classroom management. These non-medical options can help some children avoid prescription medications and allow others to reduce their doses.

Although stimulants might seem like an easy fix, Diller says, "just because it works doesn?t make it an ethical substitute for giving kids the proper attention at home and school."
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Offline Anonymous

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« Reply #123 on: February 21, 2006, 01:04:00 PM »
Space-Age Technology Claimed
as Cure for Attention Deficit

Independent, The; London (UK) - February 21, 2006

A British millionaire has announced that he may have discovered a way of curing children suffering from the worst form of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without resorting to drugs.

Wynford Dore said yesterday that years of painstaking research have shown that, by using space-age technology normally reserved for testing astronauts returning from space, doctors may be able to rebalance the brains of those suffering from such disorders.

The treatment could help revolutionize how children in Australia - where Dore now lives - and millions of others worldwide are treated for chronic learning difficulties.

Children with ADHD are thought to have problems with the cerebellum, a part of the brain that controls the organization and direction of thought and behavior. Dore?s new theory gives rise to hopes that stimulating the dormant parts of the cerebellum, using a series of balance and eye exercises, could expand it and encourage it to work better without needing to use chemical treatment.

Dore, who originally made his money selling fire-resistant paint, said that the new findings were discovered by accident.

"These are wonderful, incredible results and yet we didn?t even try and do this," he said at a press conference in Sydney. "By accident, we stumbled on something that could have the most dramatic effect on individuals? lives."

The battle against ADHD became something of a personal crusade for Dore after his daughter tried to commit suicide because of her chronic learning difficulties. But the new treatment does not come cheap. The therapy costs pounds 1,700 and takes up to 15 months to complete.

As many as one in every 20 children suffers from some form of attention disorder and the problem, scientists believe, has dramatically increased over the past 50 years.

Statistically, boys are three times more likely to suffer from the condition. ADHD is usually treated by a group of drugs known as psychostimulants which, while effective, can have unpleasant side effects.
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #124 on: March 07, 2006, 10:16:00 AM »
I asked a few 20something college students what were the most popular mind altering substances used on campus. In order of preference: alcohol, prescription Rx (psych/pain), then pot.

http://www.contracostatimes.com/mld/cct ... 997536.htm
Study finds 7 million misuse ADHD drugs to aid performance
By Shankar Vedantam
WASHINGTON POST
WASHINGTON - More than 7 million Americans are estimated to have misused stimulant drugs meant to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substantial numbers of teenagers and young adults appear to show signs of addiction, according to a comprehensive national analysis tracking such abuse.

The statistics are striking because many young people are using these drugs recreationally or to boost academic and professional performance, doctors say.

Although the drugs may allow people to stay awake longer and finish work faster, scientists who published a new study concluded that about 1.6
million teenagers and young adults had misused these stimulants during a 12-month period and that 75,000 showed signs of addiction.

The study published online in February in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence culled data from a 2002 national survey of about 67,000
households.

The data paint a concrete and sobering picture of what many experts have worried about for years and present ethical and medical challenges for a
country where mental performance is highly valued and where the number of prescriptions for these drugs has doubled every five years, said Nora
Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

"We live in a highly competitive society, and you want to get the top grades and you know your colleagues are taking stimulants and you feel pressured," she said. "Yes, you are going to study better in the middle of the night if you take one of these medications. The problem is a certain percentage of people become addicted to them, and some have toxic effects."

Volkow said it was impossible to disentangle the skyrocketing prescriptions of drugs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder from the risks of
diversion and abuse.

"As a child, you have multiple friends who are being treated with stimulant medications," she said. "You get the sense that these are good."

Studies have shown that the drugs are highly effective, especially among children, and also that they reduce the risk of substance abuse among those correctly diagnosed with the psychiatric disorder, which is characterized by
inattention and unruly behavior. Untreated ADHD has also been associated with conduct and academic problems.

At the same time, there have been growing concerns that the drugs are overprescribed. A Food and Drug Administration panel last month warned that the medications carried risks of rare, but serious, cardiovascular problems, and it recommended the agency place serious "black box" warnings on the drugs as a way to restrain spiraling prescriptions.

Lawrence Diller, a pediatrician in Walnut Creek, who prescribes the drugs but is worried about their overuse, said the new study showed the real
health concerns are with diversion and abuse, not with rare side effects.
"Seventy-five thousand addicts to prescription stimulants is much more troublesome than the 100 to 200 adults who have strokes," he said.  :eek:

The study found that men and women were equally likely to be misusing the drugs, but women seemed to be at greater risk of dependence -- characterized by a lack of control, physical need and growing tolerance for the drug -- while men seemed to be at greater risk of abuse, in which the medication was used in dangerous situations, said lead author Larry Kroutil, who studies
health behavior and education at RTI International, a nonprofit research group.

To obtain their findings, Kroutil and a team of researchers culled data from a 2002 national survey conducted by the federal government's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. H. Westley Clark, director of
SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, said the 2002 data were obtained through face-to-face interviews. RTI has not yet culled data from
subsequent years regarding the misuse of ADHD drugs.

Since then, prescription rates and the popularity of various drugs have changed, and Kroutil said continuing research is needed to track the
phenomenon. Clark noted that data from 2003 suggested the problem of stimulant misuse was greater among adults 18 to 25 years old than among
teenagers.

The RTI study was paid for by Eli Lilly and Co., which makes the nonstimulant ADHD drug Strattera. Although nonstimulant treatments such as Strattera were an option for ADHD patients, they were often not as potent as stimulant drugs, Volkow said.

Both Volkow and Scott Kollins, who heads Duke University's ADHD program, said the full range of ADHD drugs is a valuable tool. But Kollins said the study brought home what he has seen anecdotally: A colleague who visited his
college-age son's fraternity was mobbed by requests for Adderall prescriptions by young men seeking to boost academic performance.

"If I took Ritalin, I would probably stay up longer and write my grants faster," Kollins said. But besides the fact that he did not think this is
right, Kollins said the rare side effects highlighted by the FDA panel meant people using the drugs for nonmedical purposes were placing themselves at risk for those adverse events.

Volkow was more blunt: "You are playing roulette," she said. "If you get addicted, you will not only not get into Harvard, you will not finish high school."
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #125 on: March 21, 2006, 10:11:00 AM »
ADHD Lawsuit
ADHD Drugs Adderall, Ritalin Lawsuit Information-
unsafe ADHD Drugs Put 2 Million Children at Risk  

Attention Defecit Hyperactivity Disorder Drugs May Cause Sudden Cardiac Death  The Food and Drug Administration has received reports that ADHD drugs like Adderall XR (Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (Methylphenidate) may be linked to sudden death, strokes, heart attacks, and hypertension in children and adults.

In Canada, Adderall XR was pulled from the market for six months in response to 20 sudden deaths and 12 strokes in adults and children using the drug. In February of 2006, the FDA reported 51 fatalities in patients using ADHD drugs.

If your child takes Adderall XR or Ritalin to treat symptoms of ADHD, I want you to be concerned about possible deadly side effects of these drugs. You trust these drugs to help your child feel better, but the risks might outweigh the rewards.

Children deserve nothing less than total protection from harm. Children on ADHD drugs should never have to worry about heart attacks and strokes, but now questions about the safety of these drugs need to be on every parents' mind.

Arm yourself with information. If your child has actually suffered from a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular event, tell the lawyers at Weitz & Luxenberg. Let us help you and your child fight back against irresponsible drug makers and help your child heal. To get started with a lawsuit, fill out this form.

your next step . . .  
  http://www.weitzlux.com/adhd/adderallri ... 56854.html
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #126 on: March 22, 2006, 12:15:00 AM »
http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/HealthScience/050928a.asp
Stop Medicating Your ADHD Child
By Darla Sitton
CBN News Producer

CBN.com - (CBN News) Today, there are millions of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD -- kids who are
hyperactive, or unable to concentrate.

Most of the treatment has focused on giving kids stimulant drugs like Ritalin. But there are concerns about the long-term side-effects of those
drugs.

And there is also a growing movement to get away from drugs. Brain researcher Russell Blaylock says ADHD drugs can lead to brain diseases later
in life.

He says, "The big question (is), are we producing a lot of children that, when they become 40 and 50 years old, they're going to end up with
Parkinson's disease?"

Blaylock recommends nutrition as a better alternative to treating ADHD.

Physician Don Colbert agrees. He has written a booklet on overcoming Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and hyperactivity naturally.

Another key, these two doctors say, is to let an abundance of fruits and vegetables crowd out the junk food from a kid's diet.

Blaylock says it is a difficult initial task to gather the good foods and supplements and avoid all the bad foods, but it is well worth it for the
long term -- for the whole family.

And, he says that every child, as well as adults, whether ADHD or not, should avoid a range of food additives that are toxic to the brain. The
technical name for these toxins is excitotoxins - the title of one of Blaylock's books.

Excitotoxins cause nerve cells to be hyper, damaged, or they may even kill brain cells. Although often called MSG or glutamate, dozens of food additives have these toxins.

And those additives have stealth names that hide their toxicity, such as aspartame, flavoring, hydrolyzed protein, broth, and soy protein isolate.

In practice, that means avoiding the majority of grocery items such as box mixes, prepared soups, flavored chips, and canned tuna.

But healthy choices, such as canned tuna that has only tuna and water, or another that has the ingredients tuna, olive oil, and salt.

"ADHD kids, in particular, when they're exposed to monosodium glutamate or one of the excitotoxins in food, it really throws them out of kilter -- they become excessively hyperactive," Blaylock explained.

A related no-no for the ADHD brain is sugar. Sugar, strangely enough, can actually bring on abnormally low sugar levels in the blood. And that
increases glutamate release in the brain, yet another excitotoxic cause of hyperactivity.

Kids would do better to eat fresh fruit like apples - they are sweet, but they carry many nutrients, especially in the skins.

But you should be cautious of buying just any apples. Organic apples may be best because regular apples are often high in brain-harming pesticides.

Plus, Blaylock warns, it is best to avoid fruit in juice form because it can cause low blood sugar, and thus increase excitotoxins in the brain.

On the positive side, multivitamins with minerals are important for normal brain function. Kids' varieties should include iron, which is essential for brain growth and development.

And indeed, there are other brain-boosting minerals as well -- zinc and magnesium -- whether from multivitamins, individual supplements or food.

"Magnesium is really important in brain function," Colbert said. "Again, magnesium comes mainly from seeds and nuts. About 75 percent of the population is low in magnesium intake."

But there are minerals that interfere with normal brain function, and parents need to consider avoiding these toxins:

- Tap water often has aluminum added by water treatment facilities
- Many vaccines contain both aluminum and mercury
http://www.mercola.com/2006/mar/21/cdc_ ... ccines.htm
--Flu shots high in mercury--
- Dental fillings known as amalgams contain mercury.

Again, on the positive side, probably the most basic brain supplement of all, one that kids (and adults) should be taking-are fish oils that feed the brain like no other substance. Fish oils contain omega-3 fats.

Recognizing the importance of those fats, supplement makers are producing more and more options designed for kids. Fruit flavors like lemon and strawberry make omega-3's easier to consume.

The most crucial omega-3 fat is called DHA. Some products concentrate the DHA to make the fish oil even more powerful for kids' brains.

"People who consume more EPA, but particularly DHA, have a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, macular degeneration -- these
nerve disorders where they need that fat to make the nerves work," said nutrition analyst Bill Sardi.

For helping prevent ADHD in the first place, Blaylock says pregnant and nursing women should take omega-3s and avoid excitotoxins.

Blaylock said, "The brain undergoes rapid growth in the last trimester of pregnancy, all the way to age two. That's where 80 percent of all brain
growth occurs. If they're exposed to these products, it severely interferes with the formation of these brain pathways."

Omega-3 oils are critical during this period, because the DHA provides the raw ingredients of the brain, and it blocks excitotoxins.

So what overall strategy should parents use? Blaylock says a cold turkey approach to junk foods is best, otherwise, you continue to stimulate kids' appetites for addictive tastes.

But Colbert suggests that parents use a gradual approach, at least for a portion of their strategies.

"It's taking these children and going through the withdrawals -- the sugar withdrawals, the caffeine withdrawals, the video game withdrawals -- it's really tough," Colbert admitted. "So that's why they have to get a plan, they have to do it maybe as a group. Many of these parents will have to get together and start weaning them off it slowly, so they don't crash them."

And a gradual weaning from medication can be accompanied by introducing dietary changes -- dietary changes that mean better brain health for the entire family.
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #127 on: August 22, 2006, 01:52:34 PM »
http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/health/15 ... drine.html
Tuesday, August 22, 2006

ADHD drugs to have stronger warning
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
WASHINGTON -- The Food and Drug Administration on Monday announced changes to the labels for Dexedrine, an amphetamine used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, to warn of possible heart problems it may cause.

There have been reports of sudden death caused by stimulant treatment in children and adolescents with serious heart problems, the FDA said. The new warning labels will reflect that information.

Earlier this month, Dexedrine manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline advised health care professionals of changes to the drug's labeling. "Sudden deaths, strokes and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual doses for ADHD," the company warned.

The new labels also warn that pre-existing psychotic disorders, such as bipolar illness, may be exacerbated. The advisory also said that new psychiatric symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusional thinking, may emerge.
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Offline Deborah

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« Reply #128 on: December 10, 2006, 09:31:46 PM »
http://us.f318.mail.yahoo.com/ym/us/Sho ... &uid=31251
Dear Reader,

What are the symptoms of being a preschooler? Parents need to be on the alert for these six warning signs that their child is being childlike:

A tendency to color outside the lines
A desire to sing favorite songs over and over and over again
Refusal to mask grumpiness after naps
Sometimes "unable" to hear parents speaking
Organizationally challenged
No hesitation to pout, cry, or scream in public places

If you notice any of these symptoms (sometimes all within the same hour) then you have a typical preschooler. But don't worry. All these symptoms can be easily smoothed over, creating a sort of permanent "time out"...as long as you're okay with giving your three-year-old a powerful prescription drug.

--------------------------------------------
Don't make me stop this car
--------------------------------------------

I don't know what's more disturbing; the fact that Columbia University recently conducted a Ritalin study on 300 children aged three to five, or the fact that so many parents were willing to allow their preschoolers to be medicated.

Ritalin, of course, is the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug that's been approved by the FDA for use in children age six and above.

But why wait until a child is six? Ask any parent: Ages three through five are often just as challenging as the terrible twos. So, gee, wouldn't it be nice to just pop a pill in your little tyke and undo all the tantrums, crying jags, and incessant demands?

Half of the kids in the Columbia study were given low doses of Ritalin and half received a placebo. In the November 2006 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the authors write that Ritalin "produced significant reductions on ADHD symptom scales in preschoolers compared to placebo."

Such as it is, that's the good news.

--------------------------------------------
Safety net
--------------------------------------------

Now for the bad news, which is all about adverse events (AE). The study authors note: "Thirty percent of parents spontaneously reported moderate to severe AEs in all study phases after baseline. These included emotional outbursts, difficulty falling asleep, repetitive behaviors/thoughts, appetite decrease, and irritability."

Arguably, the most unsettling item on this list is "difficulty falling asleep." Have you ever known a three-year-old with insomnia?

But here's the kicker. Some media outlets actually portrayed the results as safe! Here are headlines from two different sources:

"Ritalin Safe for Hyperactive Preschoolers"

"Popular ADHD drug Ritalin safe and effective for pre-schoolers"

What are they thinking? Nearly ONE THIRD of the medicated kids had adverse events. How can anyone interpret that as safe?

Eleven percent of the children in the medication group were pulled out of the study because of unfavorable side effects. I wonder...if we checked with the parents of those kids, do you suppose they would describe this drug as safe for a three-year-old?
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Offline Oz girl

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« Reply #129 on: December 11, 2006, 04:50:31 AM »
This makes me wonder if ODD is the Adolescent eq of ADD. Afterall most teeneagers would at least have one or 2 symptoms of this "disorder", I would probably be a little dissapointed if i had a 15 year old who was not a little bit oppositional or defiant.
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n case you\'re worried about what\'s going to become of the younger generation, it\'s going to grow up and start worrying about the younger generation.-Roger Allen

Offline FLCLcowdude

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« Reply #130 on: December 11, 2006, 06:49:52 PM »
All I have to say is fuck Ritalin...
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Offline exhausted

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« Reply #131 on: December 11, 2006, 07:46:48 PM »
My son has the whole diet thing and has done for years and years, cos I knew he hd ADHD 8 years before I could get a diagnosis, he's always taken Omega supplements, his diet is very strict to cut out any of the crap that sends him beserk and he happily eats fruit until he's sick

But he still needs Ritalin, he can't cope without it, he gets really low without it because he goes on a hyper and then thinks he's thick and stupid because he can't concentrate long enough to take anything in

And his heart's fine
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« Reply #132 on: December 14, 2006, 08:20:53 PM »
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Offline Sageb1

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« Reply #133 on: December 24, 2006, 04:11:09 AM »
Why would u give a child a stimulant that messes up his circadian rhythm?

That leads to neuropsychiatric problems.

I traced all my behavioral problems as a kid (defiance, michief, early chronic masturbation etc.) to the fact that between birth and age 1 i suffered a traumatic brain injury caused by anoxia.

then i suffered a series of concussions between age 4 and 7.

result: insomnia.

My mother's method of treating my behavioral problems: idle threats to be sent to a treatment centre for mentally challenged people, a centre that was closed down long after stories about the abuse of children who were sent there surfaced.

Thanks Mom for doing nothing: you saved me from drugs.

Even so my insomnia never abated. It's been about 6 month since I managed to get it under control alone by myself.

I even had disability benefits now.

But what if things were controlled at age 10?

Would I be more successful (but still dysfunctional aka vanilla aka "just like everyone else")?

Would I have begat kids to send to CEDU-like TBS's if I felt they weren't adapting to vanilla society, that they were too kinky for their own good, experimenting with drugs and premarital sex before 18?

So in a way I am thankful I delayed things as much as possible.  

Fuck "normal."  That's ruining Western society.  Its vanilla qualities are symptoms of dysfunction.

"Abnormal" behavior actually is more normal and natural, though it tends to harm more than help without structure.

Maybe all those kinky people in the closet are more sane than vanilla society is.
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th is a cult?

Offline Deborah

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« Reply #134 on: February 15, 2007, 12:59:24 PM »
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/us/15 ... ref=slogin
Debate Over Children and Psychiatric Drugs
 
Gary Higgins/Associated Press
Michael and Carolyn Riley were arraigned last week on charges related to the death of a daughter.

By BENEDICT CAREY
Published: February 15, 2007
Early on the morning of Dec. 13, police officers responding to a 911 call arrived at a house in Hull, Mass., a seaside town near Boston, and found a 4-year-old girl on the floor of her parents' bedroom, dead.

She was lying on her side, in a pink diaper, the police said, sprawled across some discarded magazines and a stuffed brown bear.

Last week, prosecutors in Plymouth County charged the parents, Michael and Carolyn Riley, with deliberately poisoning their daughter Rebecca by giving her overdoses of prescription drugs to sedate her.

The police said the girl had been taking a potent cocktail of psychiatric drugs since age 2, when she was given a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder and bipolar disorder, which is characterized by mood swings.  :o  :rofl:

The parents have pleaded not guilty, with their lawyers questioning whether the child should have been prescribed such powerful drugs.  :question:

The case has shaken a region known for the excellence of its social and medical services. The director of the state's Department of Social Services has had to defend his agency, which had been investigating the case before the girl's death.

The girl's treating psychiatrist has taken a voluntary, paid leave until the case is resolved. And New Englanders are raising questions that are now hotly debated within psychiatry, and which have broad implications for how young children like Rebecca Riley are cared for.

Tufts-New England Medical Center, where the child was treated, released a statement supporting its doctor and calling the care "appropriate and within responsible professional standards."

Indeed, the practice of aggressive drug treatment for young children labeled bipolar has become common across the country. In just the last decade, the rate of bipolar diagnosis in children under 13 has increased almost sevenfold, according to a study based on hospital discharge records. And a typical treatment includes multiple medications.

Rebecca was taking Seroquel, an antipsychotic drug; Depakote, an equally powerful mood medication; and Clonidine, a blood pressure drug often prescribed to calm children.
This is INSANE. She was TWO years old. Someone needs to hang for this.  :flame:

The rising rates of diagnosis and medication use strike some doctors and advocates for patients as a dangerous fad that exposes ever-younger children to powerful drugs. Antipsychotics like Seroquel or Risperdal, which are commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder, can cause weight gain and changes in blood sugar - risk factors for diabetes.

Some child psychiatrists say bipolar disorder has become an all-purpose label for aggression.

"Bipolar is absolutely being overdiagnosed in children, and the major downside is that people then think they have a solution and are not amenable to listening to alternatives," which may not include drugs, said Dr. Gabrielle Carlson, a professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at Stony Brook University School of Medicine on Long Island.

Paraphrasing H. L. Mencken, Dr. Carlson added, "Every serious problem has an easy solution that is usually wrong."

Others disagree, insisting that increased awareness of bipolar disorder and use of some medications has benefited many children.

"The first thing to say is that the world does not see the kids we see; these are very difficult patients," said Dr. John T. Walkup, a child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Dr. Walkup said that when drug treatment was done right, it could turn around the life of a child with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Dr. Jean Frazier, director of child psychopharmacology at Cambridge Health Alliance and an associate professor at Harvard, said that up to three-quarters of children who exhibit bipolar symptoms become suicidal, and that it is important to treat the problem as early as possible.

"We're talking about a serious illness with high morbidity, and mortality," Dr. Frazier said, "and for some of these children the medications can be life-giving."

Still, most child psychiatrists agree that there are still questions about applying the diagnosis to very young children. Recent research has found that most children who receive the diagnosis are emotionally explosive but do not go on to develop the classic features of the disorder, like euphoria. They are far more likely to become depressed.

And many therapists have found that some patients referred to them for bipolar disorder are actually suffering from something else.

"Most of the patients I see who have been misdiagnosed have been told they have bipolar disorder," said Dr. Bessel van der Kolk, a professor of psychiatry at Boston University who runs a trauma clinic.

"The diagnosis is made with no understanding of the context of their life," Dr. van der Kolk said. "Then they're put on these devastating medications and condemned to a life as a psychiatry patient."

Details about what happened to Rebecca are still emerging. A relative of her mother, Carolyn Riley, 32, told the police that Rebecca seemed "sleepy and drugged" most days, according to the charging documents.

One preschool teacher said that at about 2 p.m. every day the girl came to life, "as if the medication Rebecca was on was wearing off," according to the documents.

Defense lawyers are also focusing on the question of medication. "What I want to know," said John Darrell, a lawyer for Mr. Riley, "is how in the world you diagnose a 2-year-old and give her these strong medicines that are not approved for children."

A lawyer for Rebecca's psychiatrist, Dr. Kayoko Kifuji of Tufts-New England Medical Center, did not return calls seeking comment.

Some experts say the temptation to medicate can be powerful.

"Parents very often want a quick fix," Dr. Carlson said, "and doctors rarely have much time [don't MAKE time] to spend with them, and the great appeal of prescribing a medication is that it's simple.

"To me one of the miracle of children's brains is that we don't see more harm from these treatments."

Katie Zezima contributed reporting from Boston.

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Hidden Lake Academy, after operating 12 years unlicensed will now be monitored by the state. Access information on the Federal Class Action lawsuit against HLA here: http://www.fornits.com/wwf/viewtopic.php?t=17700