Author Topic: Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew  (Read 2711 times)

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Offline Anonymous

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« on: July 11, 2006, 09:41:00 AM »
By RON WINSLOW
July 11, 2006; Page B1

In a study that could revive interest in researching the effects of psychedelic drugs, scientists said a substance in certain mushrooms induced powerful, mind-altering experiences among a group of well-educated, middle-age men and women.

Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions researchers conducted the study following carefully controlled, scientifically rigorous procedures. They said that the episodes generally led to positive changes in attitude and behavior among the 36 volunteer participants and that the changes appeared to last at least two months. Participants cited feelings of intense joy, "distance from ordinary reality," and feelings of peace and harmony after taking the drug. Two-thirds described the effects of the drug, called psilocybin, as among the five most meaningful experiences of their lives.

But in 30% of the cases, the drug provoked harrowing experiences dominated by fear and paranoia. Two participants likened the episodes to being in a war. While these episodes were managed by trained monitors at the sessions where the drugs were taken, researchers cautioned that in less-controlled settings, such responses could trigger panic or other reactions that might put people in danger.

A report on the study, among the first to systematically assess the effects of hallucinogenic substances in 40 years, is being published online today by the journal Psychopharmacology. An accompanying editorial and commentaries from three prominent neuroscientists and a psychiatrist praise the study and argue that further research into such agents has the potential to unlock secrets of consciousness and lead to new therapeutic strategies for depression, addiction and other ailments.

In one of the commentaries, Charles R. Schuster, a neuroscientist and former head of the National Institute for Drug Abuse, called the report a "landmark paper." He also expressed hope that it "renews interest in a fascinating and potentially useful class of psychotropic agents."

Still, the research is likely to stir controversy. Though psilocybin mushrooms, which can be found growing wild throughout the world, have been used for centuries in some societies during spiritual rituals, they also were agents, along with such hallucinogens as LSD and mescaline, that fueled the "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out" counterculture of the 1960s personified by Timothy Leary.

Researchers acknowledge that the study's positive findings may encourage inappropriate use of the agents. Roland Griffiths, the Hopkins neuroscientist who headed the research, warned against viewing the results as a green light for consuming the mushrooms. "We don't know all their dark sides," he said. "I wouldn't in any way want to underestimate the potential risks" of indiscriminate use of the drugs.

The National Institute for Drug Abuse, which co-sponsored the study as part of its support for research into drugs of abuse, also warned against eating psilocybin mushrooms. They "act on serotonin receptors in the brain to profoundly distort a person's perception of reality," the institute said, possibly triggering psychosis, paranoia and anxiety.

It was widespread abuse in the 1960s that led to hallucinogens becoming illegal, effectively shutting down then-burgeoning corporate and academic research programs that had suggested the agents might be valuable research and therapeutic tools. One of the last influential studies was the Good Friday Experiment in 1962 in which 20 seminary students were given either psilocybin or nicotinic acid during a religious service. The 10 who got psilocybin reported intense spiritual experiences with positive benefits; one follow-up study suggested those effects lasted 25 years.

"It's remarkable that we have a class of compounds that has sat in the deep freeze for 40 years," Dr. Griffiths said. "It seemed to me scientifically it was high time to look again" at psychedelic agents.

Known colloquially by such names as magic mushroom or sacred mushroom, psilocybin is considered a Schedule I substance under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act. That puts it in the same class as heroin and LSD, drugs that have a high potential for abuse and no known medical use. It isn't considered addictive. The psilocybin used in the study was synthesized by David E. Nichols, a professor of medicinal chemistry at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., under a special permit.

After getting approval from the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Food and Drug Administration and an institutional review board at Hopkins, Dr. Griffiths and his colleagues circulated a flier seeking volunteers for a "study of states of consciousness brought about by a naturally occurring psychoactive substance used sacramentally in some cultures."

From among the 135 people who responded, 36 were eventually selected, based in part on their lack of a history of psychedelic drug use or family history of serious psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The 36 -- 14 men and 22 women -- ranged in age from 24 to 64 years old, with an average age of 46; 97% were college graduates, and 56% had post-graduate degrees. All 36 participated at least occasionally in religious or spiritual activities. (Dr. Griffiths declined to make any participants available for interviews, citing privacy issues.)

Thirty of the participants were randomly assigned to receive either psilocybin or Ritalin (known generically as methylphenidate) as a control for the first eight-hour session; two months later, they were given the other drug in another session. Neither the participants nor the monitors who were present during their sessions knew which agent was being taken. To further reduce chances that participant responses would be affected by expectations they were getting psilocybin, a third group of six participants was randomly assigned to receive Ritalin in both sessions, followed by a third session when they knew they were getting the psychedelic agent. Ritalin was selected as the control agent in part because it can cause mood-changing effects similar to those of psilocybin, researchers said. It also takes effect at about the same time and lasts for about as long.

Participants were given the drug in individual sessions in a living-room environment with two experienced monitors. They were blindfolded, given headphones to listen to classical music and encouraged to lie down and direct their thoughts inward.

Researchers provided participants with a battery of questionnaires and mysticism scales, some of which were developed based on research from more than four decades ago, to measure their impressions of their experience at the end of the session and again two months later.

A third of the participants said the experience with psilocybin was the single most significant experience of their lives, and an additional 38% rated it among their top five such experiences -- akin to, say, the birth of a first child or the death of a parent. Just 8% of the Ritalin episodes were reported to be among the top five meaningful occurrences. Two months after the sessions, 79% of the participants indicated in questionnaires that their sense of well-being and satisfaction increased after the psilocybin episodes, compared with 21% for Ritalin.

Researchers hope the findings will spur other studies that will, for instance, compare the effects of other hallucinogens and use MRIs to observe how such drugs affect the human brain. Other efforts are expected to test the value of psilocybin as a therapy. Charles Grob, a researcher at UCLA, is heading a small study to see if the drug relieves anxiety, depression and pain among patients with advanced cancer.

Dr. Griffiths said another goal is to understand the consequences of spiritual experiences -- both drug-induced and spontaneous -- and to determine how long they last and whether they lead to personality changes.


http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115258280486902994.html
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »

Offline starry-eyed pirate

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #1 on: July 11, 2006, 10:40:00 AM »
Interesting.  Thanx for posting this article.  Set and setting is so important when your shroomin.  It's important to be in a relaxed and comfortable setting, with trusted friends or alone.  I've enjoyed mushrooms many times, but it's never been a silly, fun , laughy time.  I am naturally introspective and my experience in $tr8 only nurtured that quality.  When I eat shrooms I go way inward and always feel that I've had some kind of very intimate experience with myself and my environment.  Often, though, in the midst of that intimacy, I also see the sickness of the world around me and then I begin to feel very vulnerable psychologically.  I wonder how I will be able to relate to the outside world with my shroom awareness.

I agree with the author when he basically states that mushrooms can be a key to unlocking the spiritual understanding waiting within each of us, but I also agree that mushrooms can be dangerous if taken in the wrong context or setting.  I've experienced both.  Peace.
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
If you would have justice in this world, then begin to see that a human being is not a means to some end.  People are not commodities.  When human beings are just to one another government becomes obsolete and real freedom is born; SPIRITUAL ANARCHY.

Offline Anonymous

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #2 on: July 11, 2006, 11:10:00 AM »
MDMA was legal in the United States until 1985. Before then, it was used both as an adjunct to psychotherapy and as a recreational drug. MDMA began to be used therapeutically in the mid 1970s after the chemist Dr. Alexander Shulgin introduced it to psychotherapist Leo Zeff. As Zeff and others spread word about MDMA, it developed a reputation for enhancing communication, reducing psychological defenses, and increasing capacity for introspection. However, no formal measures of these putative effects were made and blinded or placebo-controlled trials were not conducted. A small number of therapists --including George Greer, Joseph Downing, and Philip Wolfson-- used it in their practices until it was made illegal.
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Offline BuzzKill

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #3 on: July 11, 2006, 11:32:00 AM »
LONDON, England (CNN) -- Syd Barrett, the eccentric guitarist who founded Pink Floyd but later left the music business to live quietly and somewhat reclusively, has died at the age of 60, according to a spokeswoman for the band.

A spokeswoman for Pink Floyd told the Press Association: "He died very peacefully a couple of days ago. There will be a private family funeral."

The singer and guitarist, born Roger Keith Barrett on January 6, 1946, founded the band in 1965 with Roger Waters, Nick Mason and Richard Wright. (Its name was derived from two American bluesmen, Pink Anderson and Floyd Council.)

He wrote many of the early hits for the avant-garde rock band, including the 1967 album "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn" and the band's first hit singles, "Arnold Layne" and "See Emily Play."

His songs were odd and charming combinations of childlike lyrics and swirling melodies, often augmented with strange arrangements. The titles alluded to space, the occult and sometimes nonsense: "Astronomy Domine," "Lucifer Sam," "Chapter 24."

Consider some lyrics of "Bike," from "Piper": "I know a mouse, and he hasn't got a house / I don't know why, I call him Gerald / He's getting rather old, but he's a good mouse."

Pink Floyd, taken under the wing of Beatles engineer Norman Smith, had early success, but Barrett, suffering from mental problems and heavy drug use, started demonstrating erratic behavior, including catatonia during concerts. He left the band in 1968. He was replaced by David Gilmour, who had joined the band as its fifth member earlier that year.

Barrett put out two noted solo albums, "The Madcap Laughs" and "Barrett," both in 1970.

In 1975, during the recording of Pink Floyd's "Wish You Were Here" album, Barrett showed up unannounced at the studio -- ironically, during the recording of "Shine On You Crazy Diamond," a song about him. He had become overweight and shaved his eyebrows; the other members didn't recognize him at first.

"Wish You Were Here" was dedicated to Barrett.

Much of British psychedelic music was influenced by Barrett, and a number of musicians have credited him, according to Allmusic.com.

Barrett had since lived in anonymity in the eastern English city of Cambridge. According to The Associated Press, he suffered from diabetes.

The spokeswoman said a low-key, private funeral would be held. She did not disclose the cause of death
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Offline LoVeS_QuAkErS

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Shrooms
« Reply #4 on: July 13, 2006, 12:31:23 AM »
I took muchrooms and i was drunk when i took them,so it wasnt the same as if i would have been sober,but it was dun and i laughed the whole time and watched things move lol. i would never do acid though,it lasts too long and its alot more instense.the mushrooms where just right,and i ate a whole cut to myself ;) but everything looked dirty and discusting,i went home arounf 3am and cleaned my room.
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
vIarlboro Queen 8===D

Offline starry-eyed pirate

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #5 on: July 13, 2006, 04:20:30 PM »
I think I may have found the Aminitus Muscarious today while I was lanscaping.  Otherwise known as Fly-Agaric.  Its about 3 1/4" from the top of the cap to the bottom of the base.  It has a yellow stem and the underside of the cap is all yellow. The cap itself is kind of a dull earthy red but has some yellow showing through too, where the thin layer of red is missing.  It looks just like an Aminitus Muscarious.  Maybe I'll catch some flies and throw them all in a jar with the shroom and see if the flies die.  That's what Fly-Agaric means, roughly "fly killer" or "fly poison"

Any thoughts ??
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
If you would have justice in this world, then begin to see that a human being is not a means to some end.  People are not commodities.  When human beings are just to one another government becomes obsolete and real freedom is born; SPIRITUAL ANARCHY.

Offline Antigen

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #6 on: July 13, 2006, 07:00:51 PM »
The ones around here look exactly like this:

Oh, well now that's fucked! I'm not so sure I like the new members of the phpbb dev team! They seem to be operating under the influence of control freaks!

Leme try again....
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
"Don\'t let the past remind us of what we are not now."
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Offline starry-eyed pirate

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #7 on: July 14, 2006, 12:27:42 AM »
No, it wasn't the Fly-Agaric.  I checked it out in a friends book.  Couldn't figure out what the heck it was but not Fly-Agaric.  I did handle it quite a bit today though, and on the drive over to my friends, after playin in the dirt and planting all day I started to wonder if I was feelin' some effects.  I got real tired while I was drivin' thought I should'a' stayed home and took a nap, but I just kept goin, was seein' some energy trails and such in their livin' room.

I was preparin' to possibly eat it if it had turned out to really be Aminitus.
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
If you would have justice in this world, then begin to see that a human being is not a means to some end.  People are not commodities.  When human beings are just to one another government becomes obsolete and real freedom is born; SPIRITUAL ANARCHY.

Offline Antigen

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #8 on: July 14, 2006, 02:38:29 AM »
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
"Don\'t let the past remind us of what we are not now."
~ Crosby Stills Nash & Young, Sweet Judy Blue Eyes

Offline starry-eyed pirate

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #9 on: July 14, 2006, 11:37:18 AM »
Thanx Eudora, cool pics.
« Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 07:00:00 PM by Guest »
If you would have justice in this world, then begin to see that a human being is not a means to some end.  People are not commodities.  When human beings are just to one another government becomes obsolete and real freedom is born; SPIRITUAL ANARCHY.

Offline Anonymous

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #10 on: July 14, 2006, 03:35:56 PM »
Once it rains here, we get psilocybn cubensis pretty regularly.....
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Offline Anonymous

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #11 on: July 14, 2006, 05:38:47 PM »
Nice hand!
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Offline groovy1634

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #12 on: July 17, 2006, 12:03:49 AM »
one of my faves....clean clean clean......love it

 :P
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EOW  


Offline Deborah

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Go Ask Alice: Mushroom Drug Is Studied Anew
« Reply #13 on: July 17, 2006, 01:20:51 PM »
Of interest?.they used Ritalin as a placebo. Doesn?t that somehow acknowledge that it?s a psychoactive substance in adults? Somehow comparable to psilocybin? Isn?t R supposed to be a safe ?chemical balancer? for toddlers and children?
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/Press_re ... 11_06.html
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gt;>>>>>>>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Hidden Lake Academy, after operating 12 years unlicensed will now be monitored by the state. Access information on the Federal Class Action lawsuit against HLA here: http://www.fornits.com/wwf/viewtopic.php?t=17700

Offline Anonymous

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Wikipedia on Magic Mushrooms
« Reply #14 on: July 20, 2006, 12:07:21 AM »
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